By Takura Zhangazha*
The recent arrest and charging of Sunday Mail Editor Mabasa
Sasa and two of the papers journalists, Brian Chitemba and Tinashe Farawo is a
sad and dangerous development for Zimbabwe’s media. As journalists they do not
in any way deserve to have criminal charges brought against them for stories
they write. And media organizations are correct in condemning these recent arrests
for being patently undemocratic and in violation of section 61 of the bill of
rights in the constitution.
What has been most astounding has been the Zimbabwe Republic
Police’s (ZRP) justification of the arrests.
The force’s spokesperson, Assistant Commissioner Charity Charamba in a press statement argued that the
journalists, through their story, essentially published a falsehood and
undermined the authority of not only the police but also other security
services. In her assertions she also accuses the media of abusing what she
refers to as 'journalistic privilege'. It
is however important to note that the police’s allegations and accusations
shall now be determined by a court of law and until then, remain exactly what
they are, allegations.
It is equally important to understand that the police’s
actions are not necessarily to be viewed as out of sync with the attitude of politically
powerful persons in the country. Over
the last months there have been veiled and direct threats against journalists
and the media. Not least from the
President himself when he referred to going ‘rigid’ on what he perceives as
errant journalism or the first lady who also has had no kind words for the
fourth estate at her rallies. This has
not been helped by statements attributed to the permanent secretary in the ministry
of media, information and broadcasting services who has been touting the government
sponsored Information and Media Panel of Inquiry (IMPI) report as pretext to introduce
stronger (read as criminal defamation) regulatory frameworks for the media.
Even seasoned newspaper columnists, while using the same
platforms, have recently begun an unfortunate habit of self righteous finger
pointing at journalism’s faults within
context of evident acrimony that really does not help freedom of
expression and media freedom.
So the police may feel that they are merely speeding up
processes that political leaders and some opinion makers are anticipating or
even comfortable with against media freedom. Hence the loud silence
from the ministry of media, information and broadcasting services.
There is therefore a pattern to this newfound hostility toward the
media. Some of it can be found in the
fact that there is the ratcheted desire to control media content by varying
political factions in both the ruling and opposition parties. Both for general political
expediency but more in order to manage succession battles in the ruling party
and leadership contests in the opposition. These contests are to be expected. What is however
undemocratic is the overreach of criminal defamation in seeking this sort of control.
And acting in disregard of the constitutionally guaranteed right to freedom of
expression and media freedom.
But the media itself is not without fault. And one of its
major obstacles has been its continual inability to negotiate its professional
space. Both by way of overcoming partisan positioning fueled largely by media owners
(government and private entities). The Zimbabwean
media therefore has to espouse the democratic value of its own existence beyond the
partisan politics of the day in order to garner greater public support for its
democratically important public work. And the point must be made clear that
this sort of solution is not going to be found in the contested IMPI
report or trading petty accusations against each other in personalised opinion columns. This is because it is largely the
Zimbabwean public’s misunderstanding of the democratic importance of a robust,
ethical and public interest focused media that allows state officials and even
the ZRP to continue to act with impunity against journalists.
There is a further caveat to this. The media must also begin to ostensibly campaign
against the criminalization of freedom of expression, not just for itself, but
for the ordinary citizen because it is in the ordinary peoples perceptions and lack of knowledge of rights that government
gets the wherewithal to act with impunity.
Where citizens are arrested for expressing a view of the president, or a
public official and convicted via a fine or custodial sentence, the media must
stand up for these citizens right to express themselves. Where it does not, the citizen will not see
the need to do so in return. Hence sometimes
there is the ridiculous argument that the media needs to be monitored by the
state via the threat of criminal sanction as though expressing an opinion or
writing a story in the public interest is as criminal as misappropriating medical
aid services contributions. And if you wanted
an answer to the latter point, no it is not.
*Takura Zhangazha writes here in his personal capacity
(takura-zhangazha.blogspot.com)
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